{
  "name": "Transatlantic Carrier Grid: airline price and product aggregates for one fixed travel week",
  "description": "40 airlines that sell US to Europe, ranked on 6,690 fares for one travel week: routes priced, median premium over the cheapest, wins, floors. CC BY 4.0.",
  "url": "https://europeflightclub.com/data/carriers",
  "publisher": "Europe Flight Club",
  "creator": "Jon Miksis",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "licenseName": "CC BY 4.0",
  "attribution": "Europe Flight Club, Transatlantic Carrier Grid (observed 2026-09-01), https://europeflightclub.com/data/carriers, CC BY 4.0",
  "observedOn": "2026-09-01",
  "temporalCoverage": "2026-11-08/2026-11-14",
  "measurementTechnique": "Published round-trip fare per operating carrier on Google Flights for one fixed departure and return date, every carrier on a route captured in the same session, aggregated per carrier as the median premium over the cheapest carrier on the same route",
  "variableMeasured": "Per-carrier median fare premium in USD over the cheapest carrier on the same route, economy and business",
  "rowCount": 40,
  "columns": {
    "carrier": "Carrier slug, matching /airlines/<carrier> on the site where the carrier has a page.",
    "airline": "Airline name.",
    "iata": "IATA airline code.",
    "alliance": "Alliance membership as verified 2026-09-01: Star Alliance, SkyTeam, oneworld or None. A group subsidiary is not a member.",
    "kind": "european-flag, low-cost, us-major or other.",
    "hub": "Connecting airport the carrier routes transatlantic traffic through, where that is its play. Blank otherwise.",
    "economy_routes": "Routes on which the carrier returned an economy fare in the fixed-week grid, out of 1,222 planned (26 US gateways by 47 European airports).",
    "economy_ranked": "true when economy_routes is at least 3, the threshold below which no median is published.",
    "economy_median_premium_usd": "Median dollars above the cheapest carrier on the same route in the same travel week, across the carrier's economy routes. Blank when unranked.",
    "economy_cheapest_on_routes": "Economy routes on which the carrier was the cheapest option, a premium of $0.",
    "economy_lowest_fare_usd": "Cheapest economy fare the carrier returned anywhere in the grid. A fact about one route, not about the carrier's typical price.",
    "business_routes": "Routes on which the carrier returned a business-class fare, collected in a separate pass for the same travel week.",
    "business_ranked": "true when business_routes is at least 3.",
    "business_median_premium_usd": "Median dollars above the cheapest business-class carrier on the same route, same week. Blank when unranked.",
    "business_cheapest_on_routes": "Business routes on which the carrier was the cheapest option.",
    "business_lowest_fare_usd": "Cheapest business-class fare the carrier returned anywhere in the grid.",
    "business_product_score": "Best verified business-class product score out of 10 across the carrier's aircraft, from Seat, IFE, Lounge and, where the carrier has enough priced business routes, Value. Blank when no cabin has been verified. Service, food and ground are never scored from data.",
    "business_product_dimensions": "How many dimensions the product score rests on: 4 when Value could be scored, 3 when it was withheld for too few priced routes.",
    "cabin_verified_on": "Date the best-scoring cabin product was last verified against the carrier's own published specification.",
    "flown_by_author": "true when Jon Miksis has personally flown the carrier on a Europe route, in any cabin."
  },
  "rows": [
    {
      "carrier": "icelandair",
      "airline": "Icelandair",
      "iata": "FI",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "KEF",
      "economy_routes": 150,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 93,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 449,
      "business_routes": 174,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 170,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 1747,
      "business_product_score": 6,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "royal-air-maroc",
      "airline": "Royal Air Maroc",
      "iata": "AT",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "CMN",
      "economy_routes": 38,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 20,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 564,
      "business_routes": 46,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 94,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 20,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3796,
      "business_product_score": 9,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "discover-airlines",
      "airline": "Discover Airlines",
      "iata": "4Y",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "FRA",
      "economy_routes": 11,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 6,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 686,
      "business_routes": 10,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 8,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 5655,
      "business_product_score": 8.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "edelweiss-air",
      "airline": "Edelweiss Air",
      "iata": "WK",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "low-cost",
      "hub": "ZRH",
      "economy_routes": 4,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 769,
      "business_routes": 3,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 6317,
      "business_product_score": 9,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "qatar-airways",
      "airline": "Qatar Airways",
      "iata": "QR",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "DOH",
      "economy_routes": 8,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 9,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 4,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 801,
      "business_routes": 1,
      "business_ranked": false,
      "business_median_premium_usd": null,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 0,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 7016,
      "business_product_score": 9.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 3,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "sas",
      "airline": "SAS",
      "iata": "SK",
      "alliance": "SkyTeam",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "CPH",
      "economy_routes": 170,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 12,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 79,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 422,
      "business_routes": 152,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1016,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 36,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 4332,
      "business_product_score": 8.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "etihad-airways",
      "airline": "Etihad Airways",
      "iata": "EY",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "AUH",
      "economy_routes": 3,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 19,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 1,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 820,
      "business_routes": 0,
      "business_ranked": false,
      "business_median_premium_usd": null,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 0,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": null,
      "business_product_score": 9.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 3,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "tap-air-portugal",
      "airline": "TAP Air Portugal",
      "iata": "TP",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "LIS",
      "economy_routes": 131,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 20,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 60,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 530,
      "business_routes": 132,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 800,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 41,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3159,
      "business_product_score": 8.5,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "turkish-airlines",
      "airline": "Turkish Airlines",
      "iata": "TK",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "IST",
      "economy_routes": 301,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 45,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 103,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 702,
      "business_routes": 353,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 233,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 149,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3366,
      "business_product_score": 8.8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "lufthansa",
      "airline": "Lufthansa",
      "iata": "LH",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "FRA",
      "economy_routes": 292,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 50,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 71,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 451,
      "business_routes": 251,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1019,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 50,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3914,
      "business_product_score": 8.8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "azores-airlines",
      "airline": "Azores Airlines",
      "iata": "S4",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "PDL",
      "economy_routes": 4,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 51,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 2,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 598,
      "business_routes": 4,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 0,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 4,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 1871,
      "business_product_score": 5.8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "ita-airways",
      "airline": "ITA Airways",
      "iata": "AZ",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "FCO",
      "economy_routes": 25,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 52,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 8,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 666,
      "business_routes": 23,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1422,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 4192,
      "business_product_score": 8.5,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "jetblue",
      "airline": "JetBlue",
      "iata": "B6",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "us-major",
      "hub": null,
      "economy_routes": 21,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 52,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 9,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 719,
      "business_routes": 26,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1397,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 4,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 5143,
      "business_product_score": 7.8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "royal-jordanian",
      "airline": "Royal Jordanian",
      "iata": "RJ",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "AMM",
      "economy_routes": 5,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 61,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 1,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 902,
      "business_routes": 5,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 457,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 2,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 5175,
      "business_product_score": 9.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "air-europa",
      "airline": "Air Europa",
      "iata": "UX",
      "alliance": "SkyTeam",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "MAD",
      "economy_routes": 17,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 62,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 659,
      "business_routes": 28,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1052,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 4,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3945,
      "business_product_score": 8.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "air-serbia",
      "airline": "Air Serbia",
      "iata": "JU",
      "alliance": "None",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "BEG",
      "economy_routes": 15,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 66,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 6,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 632,
      "business_routes": 16,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 47,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 7,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 2506,
      "business_product_score": 8.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "finnair",
      "airline": "Finnair",
      "iata": "AY",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "HEL",
      "economy_routes": 36,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 71,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 680,
      "business_routes": 22,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1580,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 5307,
      "business_product_score": 8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "air-canada",
      "airline": "Air Canada",
      "iata": "AC",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "other",
      "hub": "YUL",
      "economy_routes": 129,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 80,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 22,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 635,
      "business_routes": 97,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 681,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 19,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 4382,
      "business_product_score": 8.5,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "american-airlines",
      "airline": "American",
      "iata": "AA",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "us-major",
      "hub": null,
      "economy_routes": 247,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 86,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 37,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 682,
      "business_routes": 196,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 2975,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 34,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3925,
      "business_product_score": 7.5,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "british-airways",
      "airline": "British Airways",
      "iata": "BA",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "LHR",
      "economy_routes": 491,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 89,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 156,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 695,
      "business_routes": 428,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1205,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 132,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3905,
      "business_product_score": 8.8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "united",
      "airline": "United",
      "iata": "UA",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "us-major",
      "hub": null,
      "economy_routes": 317,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 95,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 58,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 471,
      "business_routes": 268,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1723,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 52,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3969,
      "business_product_score": 8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "swiss",
      "airline": "SWISS",
      "iata": "LX",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "ZRH",
      "economy_routes": 129,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 95,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 18,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 644,
      "business_routes": 105,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1708,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 12,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3991,
      "business_product_score": 7.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "brussels-airlines",
      "airline": "Brussels Airlines",
      "iata": "SN",
      "alliance": "Star Alliance",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "BRU",
      "economy_routes": 5,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 101,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 0,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 696,
      "business_routes": 5,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 1507,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 0,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 5250,
      "business_product_score": 7.3,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-09-01",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "iberia",
      "airline": "Iberia",
      "iata": "IB",
      "alliance": "oneworld",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "MAD",
      "economy_routes": 62,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 131,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 1,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 665,
      "business_routes": 56,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 2481,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 3,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 3716,
      "business_product_score": 8,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": false
    },
    {
      "carrier": "klm",
      "airline": "KLM",
      "iata": "KL",
      "alliance": "SkyTeam",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "AMS",
      "economy_routes": 217,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 156,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 26,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 548,
      "business_routes": 200,
      "business_ranked": true,
      "business_median_premium_usd": 3001,
      "business_cheapest_on_routes": 27,
      "business_lowest_fare_usd": 4130,
      "business_product_score": 7.5,
      "business_product_dimensions": 4,
      "cabin_verified_on": "2026-08-30",
      "flown_by_author": true
    },
    {
      "carrier": "air-france",
      "airline": "Air France",
      "iata": "AF",
      "alliance": "SkyTeam",
      "kind": "european-flag",
      "hub": "CDG",
      "economy_routes": 216,
      "economy_ranked": true,
      "economy_median_premium_usd": 162,
      "economy_cheapest_on_routes": 36,
      "economy_lowest_fare_usd": 597,
      "business_routes": 208,
      "business_ranked": true,
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